بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Introduction: Beyond Mere Words

In the rich tapestry of Islamic thought, few concepts are as misunderstood, yet as profoundly significant as the nature of sacred speech. When a momin raises their hands in supplication (du’ā’), recites the words of a divine text, or utters a prayer transmitted through the ages, what exactly is occurring? Is this simply a human being conveying information to God or articulating a pre-existing emotional state? Or is something far more profound taking place?

Islamic rhetorical theory (balāghah) and philosophy offer a compelling answer through the concept of creative utterance (inshā’). This article explores this concept, drawing upon the teachings of Ayatollah Abdollah Javadi Amoli, arguing that sacred speech—particularly supplication (du’ā’)—is not merely descriptive but performative, bringing spiritual meanings into existential reality through the very act of utterance.